Risk Identification And Avoidance Of Fixed Assets Audit

Fixed assets are labor data with high value, long service life and physical form in use, such as houses, buildings, machinery and equipment, conveyors, etc.

Due to the large number of fixed assets in industrial enterprises and the occupation of more funds, the probability of producing errors and defects is relatively high and has high audit risk.

The risk of fixed assets audit is fixed assets audit risk, which means that there are serious misstatements, omissions, false reports or concealment reports of the fixed assets. Because the certified public accountants who are responsible for auditing fail to find the wrong audit opinions, they fail to audit.

To identify risks in fixed assets audit, we must understand the mistakes and signs of fixed assets and risks.

Generally speaking, the performance of fixed assets is mainly reflected in the following six aspects: the pfer of assets, pfer of assets, and the fact that there is no real fault. Some companies use fixed assets such as cars to lend to stakeholders. Some fixed assets such as computers are allocated to employees as prizes, but they are still listed as fixed assets and depreciation.

The disadvantages and disadvantages of such assets include: the malpractice of assets valuation, the value of new fixed assets or the value of new fixed assets, the fixed assets valuation range, the disadvantages of certain assets, the value of other assets listed in fixed assets, and the value of fixed assets listed in current assets. The value of fixed assets is changed arbitrarily, and the value of fixed assets is not carried forward in time.

The disadvantages and disadvantages of the assets decrease is that the disposal of fixed assets is not true, the price is incorrect, some enterprises deal with the low price, make some people benefit from it, account processing is not in time, assets are processed without accounting treatment, depreciation is made, assets are donated to others, or the income of fixed assets is not accounted for.

The calculation of depreciation of assets and depreciation of fixed assets does not conform to the stipulations. There is no uniform provision between depreciation methods and depreciation years, resulting in arbitrary calculation. The value of revaluation is not deducted in the calculation of depreciation, accounting is not handled correctly, and the tax law is not adjusted at the end of the term.

There are some disadvantages in the preparation of depreciation allowance. Some enterprises adjust their profits with fixed assets impairment.

Some fixed assets depreciation reserves have been prepared, but the depreciation is still calculated at the original value, and the depreciation allowance is still not adjusted after the value reduction is resumed, resulting in the depreciation of the fixed assets unmatched with the original value.

The subsequent expenditure of fixed assets will not be treated according to the regulations. Some of the expenses will be listed as assets or assets, some will be listed as assets, which will reduce the cost of the current period, thereby inflating or reducing the profits of the enterprises. The subsequent expenditure will not be processed according to the provisions, and the boundaries between capital expenditures and income expenditures will be confused.

In the case of a sharp rise in the fixed assets relative to the total assets and a sharp decrease in maintenance costs, the fixed assets will be converted into cost expenditures when the total assets of fixed assets increase. When depreciation of fixed assets increases, depreciation will be reduced, and profits will be increased in full. The sudden change in depreciation methods may lead to more or less depreciation; inappropriate years of service life, too long or too short depreciation period of fixed assets may be used to regulate profits; fixed assets will substantially increase or substantially reduce, which may make use of asset reorganization to provide convenience for related enterprises to adjust profits; there is a sharp mismatch between the increase and decrease of fixed assets and the increase or decrease of output. Main signs of audit risk of fixed assets

There may be the existence of off balance sheet assets, the significant reduction in daily maintenance costs, and the possibility of capitalization of maintenance costs, repair costs and interest rates. The depreciation costs will suddenly increase substantially, and the scope of depreciation will be increased. The depreciation assets should not be depreciated or depreciated, or the depreciation of the land use rights will be depreciated according to the useful life of the housing. Fixed assets will adjust the value of fixed assets, such as the fixed assets value and life expectancy of fixed assets and the expected realization methods of the economic benefits and the original changes, but the useful life or depreciation rate is not changed. It is possible to use depreciation to regulate profits.

It is also difficult to say clearly that the inventory is difficult, the assets of the assets are difficult to distinguish clearly, the assets are difficult to distinguish clearly, the assets are difficult to verify, the accounting records are not perfect, the responsibility for keeping accounts is not clear, the personnel pfer is large, the pfer procedures are not clear, and the book assets are difficult to implement; some of the machinery and equipment have been used for technical pformation, or have been replaced with other units, some have been disassembled into parts for maintenance and use, and some kinds of sophisticated electronic instruments or imported equipment are of high technical performance and great value; auditors do not understand the technical performance of the equipment and the current market prices, and the accuracy of the impairment allowance is difficult to verify; the useful life of fixed assets is determined by the enterprise itself, but it is determined by the enterprise itself, but it is difficult to determine whether it is reasonable or not. The difficulties of fixed assets audit include the following aspects: fixed assets, wide distribution of fixed assets, long service life, some books but not real ones.

规避审计风险措施 做好调查、拟好计划　对于固定资产的调查需要涵盖以下内容：固定资产使用保管制度是否健全，责任是否明确，是否实行分级管理，还是只有会计有记录；年末固定资产是否进行清查，有无清查明细表，责任者是否签字，资产存放地点是否清楚，保管人是否明确；固定资产折旧制度，即各类固定资产的使用年限、净残值率、年折旧率等是否合理，采用分类计提折旧还是按项目计提，采用使用年限法还是加速折旧法；固定资产减值准备计提的规定、计提的依据是否正确，是否按类别、资产组、单项计提，固定资产减值准备计提后，其折旧年限及折旧率是否重新估计计算；固定资产报废清理制度是否健全，年终有无盘盈或盘亏，如何处理的；近几年是否报废固定资产，手续是否健全，是否经权力部门批准，残值的收入处理是否正确；

The power of the board of directors is about whether the resolution documents such as depreciation of fixed assets, depreciation allowance, depreciation policy change and so on.

On the basis of doing a good job of the above investigation, we will set up key projects according to the audit procedures and draw up plans.

The key projects should include four aspects: the measurement and determination of the value of fixed assets entry value; whether the measurement and confirmation of value loss in the course of use are reasonable; whether the basis and confirmation of the provision for impairment of fixed assets are adequate; and whether the classification and confirmation of subsequent expenditures of fixed assets are clear.

At the same time, we should make clear the executors, working hours and progress in the plan, so as to ensure the completion of the plan.

遵循审计程序、注重收集证据　固定资产的审计程序如下： 到现场进行抽查，核实固定资产的现状，做好抽查记录； 检查产权证是否完善，如房产证、车辆运营证明、船籍证明，验证其是否归规被审计单位所有； 核对新增固定资产价值的计算是否正确，包括购置入账、投资投入、重组调入、基建转入、融资租入等； 检查本期减少数，包括报废处置、固定资产转让、对外投资、债务重组、毁损盘亏，以及有无丢失等； 检查固定资产折旧及其政策，有无批准文件，计算是否正确，计提政策有无变更，变更的依据是否充分合理，是否在会计报表上进行了充分披露； 固定资产减值准备计提的依据、计提方法及批准文件是否合规，计提是否充足，计算是否正确，披露是否充分。

We should pay attention to the collection of evidence in the process of audit.

In the working papers, we need to add detailed records. We must write out what has been sampled and check the proportion. We should keep a clear record of what happened in the spot checks and how to solve them.

The persons who have taken part in spot checks by the audited units shall also sign the spot checks.

Generally speaking, the key areas include: the calculation of the value of fixed assets when the fixed assets increase; if the fixed assets are reduced, we should pay attention to the disposal of the fixed assets that are scrapped, whether there is any change in the depreciation of fixed assets, whether they are consistent before and after; whether the value of the fixed assets depreciation reserves is prepared or returned, whether the valuation has added value, how the depreciation of the value-added part is handled, whether the calculation is correct, whether the tax adjustment is correct or not.

The main points of handling accounts and dealing with accounting errors are the following: accounting for depreciation and depreciation, accounting for subsequent depreciation, value added to external investment and accounting treatment of impairment, as well as assessment of whether the year-end tax adjustment is correct or not.

We must conscientiously and conscientiously review the work of reviewing the work papers and rechecking the work papers.

Review should be carried out in time, especially those on site review. After reviewing, it is found that there are imperfections, which can be promptly identified and remedied.

If we find out the problems and find out the problems in the process of checking properly, we should complete the collection of relevant information and evidence, such as the causes, nature, the person in charge, the approver, the time, the place, and how to handle the accounts.

We must distinguish the boundaries between errors and malpractices, and we can not confuse these two problems of different nature.

Objective and fair audit conclusion should be made to prevent audit risks.