Research On The Development Of Footwear Industry Cluster In Jinjiang

[Abstract] Jinjiang is located on the southeast coast. Because of its own geography and the advantages of overseas Chinese, Jinjiang has attracted a lot of capital from the "three to one patch" at the beginning of its economic development.

The Jinjiang people carried forward the spirit of struggle in Southern Fujian, and created another trump private enterprise. These enterprises formed some industrial clusters in Jinjiang, so that Jinjiang could develop from a remote county town to a famous strong economic city in China.

In the theory of regional economic development, due to the limitations of gradient pfer theory, growth pole theory and regional production complex theory, industrial cluster research has increasingly become a new highlight of regional economic development theory.

Industrial cluster can not only become the leading factor of local economic development, but also become a new force to enhance the international competitiveness of a country's industry.

The development of industrial clusters can be divided into different stages. The industrial clusters at different stages should pay attention to different problems. If the industrial clusters in the stage of rapid development do not pay attention to the dynamic development of competitive advantage, they will quickly enter the recession stage.

The success of cluster competitive advantage is due to the cultivation of dynamic learning ability within the cluster and the enhancement of cooperation mechanism.

The footwear industry cluster in Jinjiang is in the stage of rapid development. We should pay attention to strengthening cooperation and learning among enterprises, and promoting the sustainable development of regional economy.

The author tries to find out the development stages of Jinjiang footwear cluster through empirical analysis, and demonstrates the importance of dynamic learning and internal cooperation mechanism for cluster development.

The introduction of industrial clusters is the introduction of industrial clusters, which refers to the spatial aggregation of many large scale enterprises with different industries and different organizations and organizations that are closely related to the development of various industries and organizations that are concentrated in a certain region. It represents a new form of spatial economic organization between the market and the hierarchical system. Due to the limitations of gradient pfer theory, growth pole theory and the theory of regional production complex, industrial clusters are becoming a new highlight of regional economic development. He can not only become the leading force of local economic development, but also become a new force to enhance the international competitiveness of a country's industry.

Jinjiang is located on the southeast coast, and is the frontier area for the construction of the west coast of the Straits and the development of Fujian's economy.

In recent years, with the spirit of daring and daring, Jinjiang people have gone out of the road of private enterprises with independent management and striving to create brand in a relatively relaxed policy environment. Jinjiang has also formed an industrial cluster represented by shoes, clothing and so on. Under the gradual decline of South of Jiangsu and Wenzhou mode, what stage is Jinjiang's industrial cluster currently in, and what issues they should pay attention to has become a matter of concern to some people.

The following two aspects will be discussed from the following aspects: the stage of industrial clusters in Jinjiang, the importance of cluster learning and the mechanism of internal cooperation.

Two. The development stage of Jinjiang footwear industrial cluster is similar to that of biological population. It will also undergo a process from growth to decline as well as biological species.

The development stages of an industrial cluster can be commended from the following indicators: (1) the birth rate and death rate of enterprises, the birth rate of enterprises refers to the proportion of newly established enterprises in a certain period (usually one year) in total number of enterprises; the death rate refers to the proportion of the number of enterprises closed in a given period to the total number of enterprises in the initial stage.

The concept of closure is different from bankruptcy. In addition to overburdened debt, it also includes the decline in the level of corporate profits due to the national economic downturn or industrial restructuring, and the initiative of owners to shut down businesses to reduce losses or find new entrepreneurial opportunities.

(two) enterprises in the cluster of growth rate are the basic components of the cluster. The development of enterprises can refract the economic environment of the whole cluster to a certain extent. The growth of enterprises is accompanied by the improvement of the surrounding economic environment. The enterprises in the cluster operate well and keep up with high speed growth, attracting new entrepreneurs and accelerating the improvement of clusters.

(three) cluster network connectivity. An enterprise in an industrial cluster often does not place all production processes in the enterprise itself. Instead, it chooses to retain the core competitive advantage of the enterprise, such as core technology and key production links. Through outsourcing, it can give secondary links to enterprises with comparative advantages in production, so as to form a competitive and cooperative network among competitors, upstream and downstream suppliers and other entities, such as related service industries, supporting institutions (universities and research institutes).

The degree of connectivity of the network is directly related to the flow of information in the cluster, the pformation of achievements and the multiplier effect of funds, thus greatly affecting the speed and quality of the development of clusters.

In addition, the intermediaries as the "adhesives" of the production enterprises, the more obvious its role, from one side also reflects the higher degree of cluster connectivity.

(four) the development of cluster industry supporting degree clusters is accompanied by the continuous refinement of production division. The production process of core products will be divided into sub processes completed by several different enterprises.

Therefore, whether the cluster core industry is conducive to the detailed division of labor, each process and supporting coordination directly relate to the life cycle of industrial clusters.

产业集群从孕育到成熟一般都须经历十几年到几十年的时间，根据以上指标产业集群可以划分为以上四个阶段，如表1所示 发展阶段评价指标体系出生率死亡率成长度网络联结度产业配套度孕育阶段高很低很高几乎为零几乎为零快速成长阶段很高低高较低较高成熟阶段低低较高高高衰退阶段几乎为零很高低很低低表1 产业集群发展阶段的划分 晋江市制鞋业经过二十余年的发展，当地的企业已经初具规模，截止到2004年年底，全市共有制鞋企业2300多家，鞋业配套企业1000多家。

The shoemaking industry in the city now has 2 well-known trademarks in China (Anta, XTEP), 4 Chinese famous brand products (Anta, Yali, Philharmonic, XTEP), 20 famous trademarks and 8 famous brand products.

On the whole, the shoe industry cluster in Jinjiang has formed a social division of labor and a coordinated production coordination community with leather, chemical raw materials, shoe machines, digital moulds, etc., but its related supporting facilities are insufficient, and the relevant social service system is extremely imperfect.

In the footwear industry cluster of Jinjiang, there are many production types, while supporting services such as finance, venture capital, talent training, market consultation and intermediary services are lagging behind.

And most of the local shoemaking enterprises in Jinjiang are still at the initial stage of brand management, and the ability of product development and brand marketing is weak.

And the villagers in Jinjiang village are always running some shoemaking or matching processing enterprises. Compared with the growth rate of enterprises, the local shoe industry in Jinjiang has a relatively low mortality rate. Based on the analysis, we can conclude that the shoe industry cluster in Jinjiang is in the stage of rapid growth.

As shown in Table 2.

Moreover, the development of Jinjiang's cluster still faces limited development space, lack of talents, weak ability of enterprise management, prominent contradiction between labor supply and demand, serious counterfeiting behavior and financing difficulties of SMEs. Under the condition that Jinjiang's industrial clusters are not yet mature, if enterprises do not pay attention to limiting the development of clusters, Jinjiang's industrial clusters will quickly enter the recession stage and impede the further development of regional economy under the negative external effects of industrial clusters.

So next we should discuss the factors that affect the life cycle of industry.

发展阶段评价指标体系出生率死亡率成长度网络联结度产业配套度孕育阶段-------------------------------------------快速成长阶段较高低高低较高成熟阶段---------------------------------------------衰退阶段---------------------------------------------表二 晋江鞋业产业集群的发展阶段图示 三、影响产业集群发展的因素 根据种群生态学理论，在有限的环境中，随着种群密度的上升，种群增长率不断下降，直至停止增长，这种增长方式称为逻辑斯谛增长。

Similar to the biological population, the space of industrial clusters is limited, and it is impossible to accept the unlimited growth of cluster size.

In the early days of cluster development, due to the small number of enterprises gathered, the positive effects of economies of scale and agglomeration were not large, and the speed of cluster development was relatively slow.

When the number of enterprises in a cluster reaches a certain level, a more developed division of labor network is formed between enterprises, and a skilled labor force flows freely among enterprises, forming a shared labor market. At the same time, the output of clusters increases, and the popularity of the market increases, which initially forms regional brand and obtains certain marketing advantages.

At this point, the agglomeration effect of industrial clusters has reached the maximum and the cluster has entered a period of rapid development.

In the process of accelerating the development of industrial clusters, when the number of enterprises and the total output reach a certain quantity, the number of enterprises in the cluster is close to the upper limit that the region can accommodate, and the crowding effect increases sharply. The sharp increase in the number of enterprises also increases the coordination cost. Meanwhile, with the increase of the number and output of enterprises, the intensity of competition is increasing, and the possibility of vicious competition among enterprises increases. The negative effects of clusters increase sharply, and the speed of development of clusters decreases when the negative effects of clusters are greater than the positive ones.

When the negative effect is equal to the positive effect, the agglomeration effect is zero, and the development of the cluster reaches the equilibrium point.

Next, we use the mathematical model of logistic growth to analyze industrial clusters.

(1) the concept and hypothesis 1. set S to represent the scale of industrial clusters. S is determined by two factors, namely, the number of cluster members and the scale of production of clusters. It varies with time t.

2. suppose that in a given period of time, all kinds of factor endowments (including technology, raw materials, labor force, capital and market scale) in a certain geographical space must be. Then, under this limited factor condition, the industrial cluster has the largest cluster size, which is recorded as K.

3. Set RM as the maximum instantaneous growth rate of clusters. This refers to the instantaneous rate of increase when the elements of cluster growth are fully met, and is determined by the ability of the cluster to integrate and utilize all kinds of resources.

It is assumed that within a certain period of time, the ability of the cluster to integrate and utilize all kinds of resources does not vary with the size of the cluster, so cluster RM is a constant.

According to the 4. population ecology theory, in the ideal infinite environment, the growth of biological population is exponential growth.

Similarly, assuming that in the infinite environment (aggregate negative effect is zero), the growth of cluster size S increases exponentially.

According to the hypothesis, in an infinite environment, there are: dS/dt=RmS (1) when the cluster is in a limited environment, it is necessary to consider that the growth rate decreases with the increase of scale and the impact on cluster size.

It can be envisaged that whenever the scale of the cluster increases by one unit, the remaining space of the cluster can be reduced by one unit, so that the actual growth rate of the cluster will decrease relative to the instantaneous growth rate.

Therefore, a correction item (1-S/K) should be added to the formula (1).

Therefore, when the cluster is in a finite environment, its growth equation is dS/dt=rS (1-S/K) (2). Its integral formula is S=K/ [1+ (K-S0) /S0E-RmT] (3), where S0 is a cluster.